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Newsletter 14                                  September 1999

Celebrating Creation

This month I’ve decided to reproduce a most wonderful article by Chet Raymo, an astronomer and science writer.

 Even the sparrow finds a home, and the swallow a nest, where she rears her brood beside thy altars.- Psalms 84:3

Late last summer, in the west of Ireland , I spent a night in the Gallarus Oratory, a tiny seventh-century church of unmortared stone. It is the oldest in Europe. The oratory is about the size of a one-car garage, in the shape of an overturned boat. It has a narrow entrance at the front and a single tiny window at the rear, both open to the elements. Even during the day one needs a flashlight to explore the interior.

I can`t say exactly why I was there, or why I intended to sit up all night, sleeplessly, in that dark space. I had been thinking about skepticism and prayer, and I wanted to experience something of whatever it was that inspired Irish monks to seek out these rough hermitages perched on the edge of Europe, or - as they imagined - the edge of eternity. They were pilgrims of the Absolute, seeking their God in a raw, ecstatic encounter with stone, wind, sea, and sky.

The Gallarus Oratory is something of a tourist mecca, but at night the place is isolated and dark, far from human habitation. From the door of the oratory, one looks down a sloping mile of the fields to the twinkling lights of the village of Ballydavid on Smerwick Harbor.

The sun had long set when I arrived, although at that latitude in summer the twilight never quite fades from the northern horizon. It was a moonless night, ablaze with stars, Jupiter brightest of all. Meteors occasionally streaked the sky, and satellites cruised more stately orbits. Inside, I snuggled into a back corner of the oratory, tucked my knees under my chin, and waited. I could see nothing but the starlit outline of the door, not even my hand in front of my face. The silence was broken only by the low swish of my own breath.

As the hours passed, I began to feel a presence, a powerful sensation of something or someone sharing that empty darkness. I am not a mystical person , but I knew that I was not alone, and I could imagine those hermit monks of the seventh century sharing the same intense conviction of “someone in the room”. At last, I was spooked to the point that I abandoned my interior corner and went outside.

A night of exceptional clarity! Stars spilling into the sea. And in the north, as if as reward for my lonely vigil, the aurora borealis danced toward the zenith. How can I describe what I saw ? Rays of silver light streaming up from the sea, as if from some enchanted Oz just over the horizon, shimmering columns of fairy radiance. As I watched  from the doorway of oratory, I remembered something the nineteenth-century explorer Charles Francis Hall wrote about watching the aurora from the Arctic: “ My first thought was, ‘Among the gods there is none like unto Thee, O Lord; neither are there any works like unto thy works!’....We looked, we SAW, we TREMBLED.”

Hall knew he was watching a natural physical phenomenon, not a miracle, but his reaction suggests the power of the aurora even on a mind trained in the methods of science. What then did the monks of Gallarus think of the aurora, 1300 years ago, at a time when the supernatural was the explanation of choice for exceptional phenomena?

Stepping out from the inky darkness of their stone chapel, they must surely have felt that the shimmering columns of light were somehow meant for them alone, a sign or a revelation, an answer to their prayers.

We have left the age of miracles behind, but not, I trust, our sense of wonder. Our quest for encounter with the Absolute goes arm in arm with our search for answers. We are pilgrim scientists, perched on the edge of eternity, curious and attentive. The Gallarus Oratory was built for prayer, at a time when the world was universally thought to be charged with the active spirit of a personal God: Every stone might be moved by incantation, every zephyr blew good or ill; springs flowed or dried up at the deity`s whim; lights danced in a predawn sky as a blessing or portent. Today, we know the lights are caused by electrons crashing down from the sun, igniting luminescence. But our response to the lights might still be one of prayerful attention, and they lead us, if we let them, into encounter with the Absolute.

Traditional religious faiths have three components: a shared cosmology (a story of the universe and our place in it), spirituality (personal response to the numinous), and liturgy ( public expressions of celebration and gratitude, including rites of passage).

The apparent antagonism of science and religion centers almost entirely on cosmology: What is the universe? Where did it come from? How does it work? What is the human self? What is our fate? Humans have always had answers to these questions. The answers have been embodied in stories - tribal myths, scriptures, church traditions. All of these stories derived from a raw experience of the creation, such as my experiences inside and outside of the Gallarus Oratory. All of them contain enduring wisdom . But as a reliable cosmological component of religious faith they have been superseded by what cultural historian and Roman Catholic priest Thomas Berry calls the New Story - the scientific story of the world.

The New Story is the product of thousands of years of human curiosity, observation, experimentation, and creativity. It is an evolving story, not yet finished. Perhaps it will never be finished. It is a story that begins with an explosion from a seed of infinite energy. The seed expands and cools. Particles form, then atoms of hydrogen and helium. Stars and galaxies coalesce from swirling gas. Stars burn and explode, forging heavy elements - carbon, nitrogen, oxygen - and hurl them into space. New stars are born, with planets made of heavy elements. On one planet near a typical star in a typical galaxy life appears in the form of microscopic self-replicating ensembles of atoms. Life evolves, over billions of years, resulting in ever more complex organisms. Continents move. Seas rise and fall. The atmosphere changes. Millions of species of life appear and become extinct. Others adapt, survive, and spill out progeny. At last, human consciousness appears. One species experiences the ineffable and wonders what it means, and makes up stories - of invisible spirits who harbor in darkness, of gods who light up the sky in answer to our prayers - eventually  making up the New Story.

The New Story has important advantages over all the stories that have gone before:


It works
- It works so well that it has become the irreplaceable basis of technological civilization. We test the New Story in every way we can, in its particulars and in its totality. We build giant particle accelerating machines to see what happened in the first hot moments of the Big Bang. We put telescopes into space to look for the radiation of the primeval explosion. With spectroscopes and radiation detectors we analyze the composition of stars and galaxies and compare them to our theories to the origin of the world. Always and in every way we try to prove the story wrong. When the story fails, we change it.

It is a universal story
- Although originally a product of Western culture, it has become the story of all educated peoples throughout the world; scientists of all cultures, religions and political persuasions exchange ideas freely and apply the same criteria of verification and falsification. Like most children, I was taught that my story - Adam and Eve, angels, miracles, incarnation, heaven, hell and all the rest - was the “ true story”, and that all others were false. Sometimes our so-called “true” stories gave us permission to hurt those who lived by other stories. The New Story, by its universality, helps put the old animosities behind us.

It is a story that emphasizes the connectedness of all people and all things
- Some of the old stories, such as the one I was taught as a child, placed humankind outside of space and time, gifted us with unworldly spirit, and gave us dominion over the millions of Earth’s other creatures. The New Story places us squarely in a cosmic unfolding of space and time, and teaches our biological affinity to all humanity. We are ephemeral beings, inextricably related to all of life, to the planet itself, and even to the lives of stars.

It is a story that asserts our responsibility for our own lives and the future of the planet
- In the New Story, no omniscient deity intervenes at will in the creation, answers prayers, or leads all things to a predetermined end. We are on our own, in the immensity of creation, with an awesome responsibility to use our talents wisely.

It is a story that reveals a universe of unanticipated complexity, beauty and dimension
- The God revealed by the New Story is not the paltry personal projection of ourselves who attracted and bedeviled our ancestors. It is, in the words of Jesuit theologian David Toolan, “ the Unnamable One/Ancient of the Days of the mystics, of whom we can only speak negatively (not this, not that), a ‘wholly other’ hidden God of Glory,” or in the felicitous phrase of novelist Nikos Kazantzakis, “the dread essence beyond logic.”

We should treasure the ancient stories for the wisdom and values they contain. We should celebrate the creation in whatever poetic languages and rituals our traditional cultures have taught us. But only the New Story has the global authority to help us navigate the future. It is not the “true” story, but it is certainly the truest. Of all the stories that might provide the cosmological basis of contemporary religious feeling, it is the only one that has had its feet held to the fire of exacting experience. 

The New story informed my response to the dancing lights in the night sky at Gallarus. What I saw was not a portent or miracle, but rather nature’s exquisite signature of the magnetic and material entanglement of Earth and sun.

As the sun brightened the eastern horizon and the last shreds of aurora faded, I was suddenly startled by a pair of swallows that began to dart in and out of the Gallarus Oratory, hunting insects on the wing. I followed them inside and discovered a nest with three chicks perched on a protruding stone just above the place I had been sitting. The mysterious presence I had felt so strongly in the darkness was not god, nor spirit, nor succubus, nor demon, but the respirations and featherings of swallows."

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All enquiries:

Mario Di Maggio   Tel: 300 6228 (w)     or   082 829 7645   or  Mario Di Maggio                                                                       

Viewing evening enquiries:

Raymond Field     Tel: 309 4126 (w)    or    083 334 8645   or  465 7188 (h)    

 

 

 

Viewing Evenings

at Marist Bros. College*

 

Special Events

 

Meetings - 7:00PM

 at University of Natal*

 

Oct

1999

 

First clear night of either:

Fri 8th or

Sat 9th or

Fri 15th or

Sat 16th         at 18h30

 

Combined Durban astronomy societies braai and viewing evening

Thur 7th October from 7PM onwards - fires & charcoal will be provided, just bring your own food & drink; as well as deck chairs, telescopes, binoculars, warm clothes, enthusiasm and an interest in the magnificence of the starry sky above us. Venue: University Athletic Grounds, Francois Rd (opposite side of the road, and below, the Old Mutual Sports Hall)

 

Thur 14th Oct: Beautiful Hubble Photographs

 

Thur 28th Oct: The Magnificent Aurora

 

Nov

1999

 

First clear night of either:

Fri 5th or

Sat 6th or

Fri 12th  or

Sat 13th         at 19h00

 

Return of the Leonids!

Diarise the dates NOW: the night of the 16th and

early morning hours of the 17th November.

The Leonid meteor shower was quite spectacular last year for those who had clear skies - and this year

it could be even more so.

 

University exams - no programme

 

Dec

1999

 

First clear night of either:

Fri 3rd or

Sat 4th or

Fri 10th  or

Sat 11th         at 19h00

 

More meteors! - Diarise these dates as well: the nights and early morning hours (ie. between 10:30PM and 1:00AM) of the 12th to the 14th December. The annual Geminid meteor shower always results in numerous meteors - and numerous opportunities for making wishes on a falling stars just before the new millennium.....

 

University vacation - no programme

 

*Directions to Marist Brothers College: travel south along Ridge Road from Tollgate towards Entabeni Hospital. Just after the hospital turn right into Glenwood Drive, which is an L-shaped road. At the end of the road you will see Marist Brothers College in front of you. Turn left into the school car park.

 

*Directions to lecture room S4, Science Block, University of Natal: travel to the top of Francois Road, turn right into the University private road. Directly after boom gate turn left and the Science Block is on the right. For more information: Sarah Buchner tel: 260 2768 or  buchner@scifs1.und.ac.za.

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